{"id":2404,"date":"2026-10-27T16:09:13","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T15:09:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/?p=2404"},"modified":"2026-10-27T17:07:08","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T16:07:08","slug":"es-4-milliards-pour-renover-les-batiments-scolaires-qui-ne-coutent-pas-4-milliards","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/?p=2404","title":{"rendered":"Ces 4 milliards\u00a0pour r\u00e9nover \u00a0les b\u00e2timents scolaires &#8230;qui ne co\u00fbtent pas 4 milliards"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"1024\" data-attachment-id=\"2406\" data-permalink=\"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/?attachment_id=2406\" data-orig-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" data-orig-size=\"1024,1024\" data-comments-opened=\"1\" data-image-title=\"Symbolic money shower over school playground\" data-image-description=\"&lt;p&gt;A giant burlap sack hangs above a school playground, spilling a dramatic stream of euro banknotes toward a group of children and adults reaching upward. The sack is marked \u201c4 milliards d\u2019euros, sac de l\u2019argent,\u201d while the surrounding buildings display signs reading \u201c\u00c9cole primaire publique\u201d and \u201cColl\u00e8ge l\u2019avenir.\u201d Under a cloudy sky, the surreal scene combines muted brick architecture, colorful playground equipment, and a satirical atmosphere.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-image-caption=\"&lt;p&gt;Children reach toward a surreal cascade of euro banknotes beneath a giant money sack in a school courtyard.&lt;\/p&gt;\n\" data-large-file=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?fit=1024%2C1024&amp;ssl=1\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?resize=1024%2C1024&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-2406\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?resize=300%2C300&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?resize=150%2C150&amp;ssl=1 150w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/le-cercle-surcouf-6ae0bd94cab76.png?resize=768%2C768&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Quand l\u2019\u00c9tat annonce et que les collectivit\u00e9s remboursent<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le gouvernement annonce 4 milliards d\u2019euros pour aider \u00e0 r\u00e9nover le b\u00e2ti scolaire. Le chiffre frappe les esprits. Mais derri\u00e8re les milliards affich\u00e9s se cache une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente : ce ne sont ni 4 milliards de subventions, ni 4 milliards de d\u00e9penses nouvelles de l\u2019\u00c9tat. Ce sont 4 milliards de pr\u00eats \u00e0 taux bonifi\u00e9s. La nuance n\u2019est pas comptable. Elle est politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Soyons pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le gouvernement a annonc\u00e9 l\u2019ouverture d\u2019une ligne suppl\u00e9mentaire de 4 milliards d\u2019euros de pr\u00eats \u00e0 taux bonifi\u00e9s, mobilisables d\u2019ici 2030 pour la r\u00e9novation des \u00e9coles, coll\u00e8ges et lyc\u00e9es. Les communes, d\u00e9partements et r\u00e9gions resteront donc les emprunteurs et devront rembourser les sommes utilis\u00e9es. Autrement dit :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>L\u2019\u00c9tat n\u2019investit pas 4 milliards. Il facilite 4 milliards d\u2019emprunts<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement une mauvaise politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019emprunt a sa logique<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Reconnaissons au gouvernement son meilleur argument.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lorsqu\u2019une collectivit\u00e9 r\u00e9nove profond\u00e9ment une \u00e9cole ou un lyc\u00e9e qui servira pendant des d\u00e9cennies, financer une partie de l\u2019investissement par l\u2019emprunt peut parfaitement se d\u00e9fendre. Le co\u00fbt est \u00e9tal\u00e9 dans le temps et la bonification r\u00e9duit le co\u00fbt de la dette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9gions de France reconna\u00eet d\u2019ailleurs explicitement que ces pr\u00eats feront diminuer le co\u00fbt de l\u2019endettement de certaines r\u00e9gions. Il serait donc caricatural de d\u00e9noncer le pr\u00eat simplement parce qu\u2019il cr\u00e9e de la dette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Pour financer un investissement durable, la dette peut \u00eatre un outil l\u00e9gitime.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais c\u2019est pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment l\u00e0 que commence le probl\u00e8me politique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 on contraint, de l\u2019autre on pr\u00eate<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">R\u00e9gions de France affirme que le projet de loi de finances pour 2027 pr\u00e9voit parall\u00e8lement un effort d\u2019un milliard d\u2019euros sur les budgets r\u00e9gionaux. Elle demande de r\u00e9duire cet effort de moiti\u00e9 pour pouvoir r\u00e9injecter prioritairement 500 millions d\u2019euros dans la r\u00e9novation des lyc\u00e9es. La confrontation des deux approches devient alors saisissante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">pr\u00e9server davantage d\u2019autofinancement pour permettre aux collectivit\u00e9s d\u2019investir directement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De l\u2019autre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">leur proposer des conditions privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es pour emprunter davantage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Voil\u00e0 le d\u00e9bat qu&rsquo;un chiffre spectaculaire de 4 milliards risque de masquer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On contraint leur capacit\u00e9 financi\u00e8re d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 et on facilite leur endettement de l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ce n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessairement incoh\u00e9rent \u00e9conomiquement. Mais ce n&rsquo;est certainement pas neutre politiquement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Pr\u00eater n\u2019est pas donner<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le probl\u00e8me n\u2019est donc pas le pr\u00eat bonifi\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le probl\u00e8me est ce qu\u2019on lui fait dire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quatre milliards de capacit\u00e9 d\u2019emprunt suppl\u00e9mentaire ne constituent pas un effort budg\u00e9taire de quatre milliards de l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une dette moins ch\u00e8re reste une dette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Un pr\u00eat reste un pr\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et celui qui emprunte reste celui qui rembourse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">D\u00e8s lors, la m\u00e9canique politique devient redoutablement avantageuse :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019\u00c9tat annonce les milliards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les collectivit\u00e9s empruntent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les collectivit\u00e9s investissent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les collectivit\u00e9s remboursent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et le gouvernement garde le chiffre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est cette distinction qui devrait \u00eatre au c\u0153ur du d\u00e9bat public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors, autofinancement ou dette ? Les deux. Mais pour des usages diff\u00e9rents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">La bonne politique ne consiste probablement pas \u00e0 choisir dogmatiquement entre subvention et emprunt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elle consiste \u00e0 utiliser intelligemment les deux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019autofinancement et les concours publics doivent pr\u00e9server la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019action des collectivit\u00e9s et permettre de traiter les situations o\u00f9 l\u2019urgence ou la faiblesse financi\u00e8re rendent l\u2019endettement difficile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">L\u2019emprunt bonifi\u00e9 peut, lui, \u00eatre r\u00e9serv\u00e9 aux investissements structurels dont les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices s\u2019\u00e9taleront sur plusieurs d\u00e9cennies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u2019est une doctrine financi\u00e8re assez simple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les investissements de long terme peuvent justifier la dette. Une priorit\u00e9 nationale ne peut pas toujours \u00eatre renvoy\u00e9e \u00e0 la seule dette locale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>La v\u00e9rit\u00e9 des milliards<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le gouvernement a donc raison sur un point : mettre \u00e0 disposition des collectivit\u00e9s un financement moins cher peut acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer la r\u00e9novation du patrimoine scolaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mais les collectivit\u00e9s ont raison d\u2019en rappeler la contrepartie : ce sont elles qui s\u2019endettent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Alors sortons de cette \u00e9trange comptabilit\u00e9 politique o\u00f9 l\u2019on confond volontiers cr\u00e9dits disponibles, investissements r\u00e9alis\u00e9s et d\u00e9penses effectivement support\u00e9es par l\u2019\u00c9tat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Disons simplement les choses telles qu\u2019elles sont :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Quatre milliards pr\u00eat\u00e9s ne sont pas quatre milliards d\u00e9pens\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Une dette bonifi\u00e9e n\u2019est pas une subvention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et une facilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9dit ne devient pas un investissement de l\u2019\u00c9tat parce qu\u2019un communiqu\u00e9 de presse lui ajoute neuf z\u00e9ros.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le pr\u00eat bonifi\u00e9 peut \u00eatre un bon outil financier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Il ne doit pas devenir un trompe-l\u2019\u0153il budg\u00e9taire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Car la vraie question n\u2019est finalement pas : \u00ab Combien l\u2019\u00c9tat annonce-t-il ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Elle est beaucoup plus embarrassante :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00ab Qui paie r\u00e9ellement ? \u00bb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Et pour ces quatre milliards, la r\u00e9ponse est limpide :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">l\u2019\u00c9tat facilite. Les collectivit\u00e9s empruntent. Et ce sont elles qui rembourseront.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quand l\u2019\u00c9tat annonce et que les collectivit\u00e9s remboursent Le gouvernement annonce 4 milliards d\u2019euros pour aider \u00e0 r\u00e9nover le b\u00e2ti scolaire. Le chiffre frappe les esprits. Mais derri\u00e8re les milliards affich\u00e9s se cache une r\u00e9alit\u00e9 budg\u00e9taire tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente : ce ne sont ni 4 milliards de subventions, ni 4 milliards de d\u00e9penses nouvelles de l\u2019\u00c9tat. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":260462492,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_seo_schema_type":"","_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_wpcom_ai_launchpad_first_post":false,"_jetpack_hide_featured_image":false,"_jetpack_featured_image_duplicate_dismissed":0,"_jetpack_feature_clip_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2},"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false},"categories":[3892805,791296840],"tags":[791297283,791297285,791297284,791296941,389016,791297282,791296912,791297018,791296904,1001,791297271],"class_list":["post-2404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-actualites-en-france","category-finance-monnaie","tag-4-milliards","tag-etat","tag-batiments-scolaires","tag-collectivites","tag-crise","tag-gouvernement","tag-lyceens","tag-manifestations","tag-mouvement-lyceen","tag-politique","tag-renovation"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pgha0i-CM","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/260462492"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2404"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2414,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2404\/revisions\/2414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cercle-surcouf.fr\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}